Journal articles: '1931-1973' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

Indian species in the castianeirine genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Corinnidae) are partly revised based on type materials deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Two new synonyms are recognized: Castianeira himalayensis Gravely, 1931 syn. nov. is synonymised with Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1877), and Castianeira bengalensis Biswas, 1984 syn. nov. with the liocranid species Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881. Castianeira albopicta Gravely, 1931 is considered as a nomen dubium. Castianeira adhartali Gajbe, 2003 and Castianeira indica Tikader, 1981 are transferred to Oedignatha Thorell, 1881 (Liocranidae). The taxonomic status of both Castianeira tinae Patel & Patel, 1973 and Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser, 1934 is discussed. All the examined type materials are illustrated, and the current status of the type material of each species is discussed.

Abstract:

A taxonomic keys was established of book and bark lice Order Psocoptera to isolated insects in Iraq from different localities of Baghdad and Babylon provinces. Thirteen species belong to eight genera and five families have been studied and described in details, these species were recorded for the first time in Iraq. These species are: Belaphopsocus badonneli New, 1971; Belaphotroctes oculeris Bodonnel, 1973; Embodopsocosis newi Bodonnel, 1973; Epipsocus stigamaticus Mockeord, 1991; Lepinotus huoni Schmidt and New, 2008; Liposcelies decolor Peramane 1925 Liposcelies paeta Pearman 1942 Liposclies bostrychphila Badonnel 1931; Liposclies brunnea Mostchulsky 1852; Liposclies entoophila Enderlein 1907; Neopsocopsis minuscule Li 2002 ; Nonapsocus oceanicus Pearman 1928.; Identification key to suborders, families, genera and species were designed according to differences of morphological characters. Adults were described in details and all body parts were pictured and some of them drawn by Camera Lucid

Abstract:

Previous reports suggested that crayfish species composition in northern Wisconsin is changing unidirectionally because of the competitive hierarchy of sequential invaders. In Trout Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin, we expected Orconectes virilis to decline in the presence of O. propinquus and for both to be displaced by O. rusticus. Our data show the abundance and species composition of Orconectes species in Trout Lake have been changing since 1931. A 1932 survey determined that O. virilis was the only Orconectes in Trout Lake. In 1973, we found that O. propinquus was abundant and O. virilis uncommon. Yet between 1973 and 1983 (probably between 1980 and 1983), O. virilis became much more widespread and abundant, while the population of O. propinquus declined. Between 1973 and 1979, O. rusticus invaded the lake, but has remained in low abundance. Both of our predictions are contradicted by our results. Orconectes propinquus has declined and O. virilis has increased, and while O. rusticus has invaded, it has not yet displaced the other species. We suggest that the outcome of interspecific interactions is variable and probably affected by other community structuring forces such as predation, parasitism, and disturbance, in addition to competition.

Abstract:

Robert D. Liska passed away on January 24, 2021. He died peacefully at home in the presence of his much-loved wife of 64 years. Born in 1931, Bob earned his MSc in Geology at San Diego State University. In 1963 Bob joined Texaco in Long Beach, California as a geologist. Two years later he joined Texaco International in Colombia, and in 1973 moved to Trinidad. Bob had a long association with Micropaleontology Press, and published several papers in Micropaleontology and in the Journal of Foraminiferal Research in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Bob leaves behind the legacy of his lifelong passion for micropaleontology and stratigraphy: his extensive and unique microfossil collection which will be housed at University College London, and his equipment which was donated to Texas A&M.

Abstract:

El instituto de Arte Peruano (IAP), creado en 1931, perteneció en sus orígenes al Departamento de Antropología que, junto con el Departamento de Historia, confirmó en Museo Nacional. Desde sus inicios tuvo como director al pintor José Sabogal y como encargado de la sección de Investigación Dibujada a su discípulo Camilo Blas, que ganó su plaza por concurso público. Su objetivo principal fue el "desarrollo del arte en las diversas manifestaciones culturales del antiguo Perú, procurando la reanudación del proceso estético nacional".

Abstract:

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is phenotypically diverse, making classification difficult. This article explores the evolution of ideas regarding CL/P classification and includes the schemes described by Davis and Ritchie (1922) , Brophy (1923) , Veau (1931) , Fogh-Andersen (1943), Kernahan and Stark (1958) , Harkins et al. (1962) , Broadbent et al. (1968), Spina (1973) , and others. Based on these systems, a longhand structured form is proposed for describing CL/P in a way that is clear, comprehensive, and consistent. A complementary shorthand notation is also described to improve the utility and convenience of this structured form.

Abstract:

This paper concerns the study of a transgressive series, which overlies the upperjurassic oolitic limestones of subpelagonian zone, as well as the lateritic deposits, resulting from the alteration of the ophiolitic and fill the karstic cavities of the above mentioned limestones in NE Beotia (Fig.l). The purpose of this study is to• elucidate the age of the transgression, that occurred on the Jurassic limestones of the pelagonian platform at this region.• Discuss about the observed diachronism of the Late Cretaceous transgression on the Pelagonian platform.It is based on the study of micro- and macrofauna occurred in a section we describe in the "Marmeiko" area, on the Ptoon mountain. NOETH (1931) was the first who defined as Upper Turonian the age of the transgressive series, based on the study of Rudists. Later, BIGNOT & GUERNET (1968) studied the microfauna and attributed an age of lower Senonian. STEUBER (1993) based on the study of Hippuritidae, defined as Turonian and later (1995) as Turonian - Coniacian the age of the transgessive series. The basal part of the series consists of marls and marly limestones alternations. An abundant micro and macrofauna is found in this part of the section, as well as the first Rudist biostrome. In the middle part of the section 2 Rudist biostroms alternate with bioclastic limestones, containing abundant microfauna. In the upper part marls alternate with cherty limestones. The determinated micro- and macrofauna (Fig. 1), precises the age of the transgressive series as Santonian. This result confirms the diachronism of the transgressive phenomenon on the Pelagonian Upper- Jurassic limestones and the overthrusted ophiolites (AUBOUIN et al. 1960, BRUNN et al. 1972, KALLERGIS & ALBANTAKIS 1970, MAVRIDIS et al. 1979, NOETH 1931, BIGNOT & GUERNET 1968, CLEMENT & FERRIERE 1973, BIGNOT et al. 1973, STEUBER 1993, 1995, SKARPELIS & ZAMBETAKIS – LEKKAS 1998)

Abstract:

The taxonomic changes concern 6 species belonging to the family Bostrichidae. After a taxonomic analysis the following synonyms were established: Melalgus japonicus Chûjô, 1973 n. syn. of M. batillus (Lesne, 1902), Amphicerus (C.) malayanus (Lesne, 1898) n. syn. of A. (C.) caenophradoides (Lesne, 1895), Bostrychoplites megaceros Lesne, 1899 n. syn. of Bostrychoplites cornutus (Olivier, 1790), Bostrychoplites suturalis Lesne, 1931 n. syn. of Bostrychoplites peltatus Lesne, 1899, Lichenophanes fasciculatus (Fall, 1909) n. syn. of Lichenophanes penicillatus (Lesne, 1895), and Megabostrichus imatadei Chûjô, 1964 n. syn. of Phonapate stridula Lesne, 1909. The new synonymy results from a study of typical specimens as well as from latest publications concerning the taxonomy of this insect group.

Abstract:

Abstract Vegetation of Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea class has been investigated in the Sluch River valley within the forest-steppe zone. We distinguished three associations belonging to Verbenion supinae (Pulicario vulgaris-Menthetum pulegii Slavnić 1951), Eleocharition ovatae (Cyperetum micheliani Horvatić 1931 and Veronico anagalloidis-Lythretum hyssopifoliae Wagner ex Holzner 1973) alliances. The floristic composition of these syntaxa, is rich in diagnostic species of Bidentetea tripartitae and Phragmito-Magnocaricetea classes, which could indicate a transition to more sustainable communities in the succession row. Our current work is a small portion of a large task to clarify the location of ‘hot spots’ across the overall diversity of Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea, and to identify where and how this diversity can be maintained best.

Abstract:

In the tribute the personality of Andrzej Wawrzyniak (1931–2020), the founder and long-standing Director of the Asia and Pacific Museum in Warsaw (bearing his name since 2017), is presented. Working as a diplomat in Indonesia in the 1960s, he amassed a sizeable collection of artefacts from the Malay Archipelago, large even if compared to similar ones worldwide, which allowed to set up a new museum in Warsaw in 1973. The Museum soon extended the sphere of its interests, today boasting collections from almost the whole of continental Asia and a substantial part of Oceania. For 40 years the collection was shaped mainly by the collecting choices of its founder and surprisingly numerous donations. As a result, a unique collection was formed, documenting a wide range of cultures, at the same time bearing testimony to its author’s personality. Furthermore, the issues of the perception of the Asia and Pacific Museum as well as of Asia’s cultures are discussed in the paper, and so are later alterations of this perception. Additionally, the questions of selection criteria and evaluation of museum objects are tackled.

Abstract:

We described four new gelechioid species from Costa Rica: Philtronoma cbdora Metz, new species; Tinaegeria carlosalvaradoi Metz, new species; Tinaegeria romanmacayai Metz, new species (Depressariidae: Tinaegeriinae revised status); and Percnarcha claudiadoblesae Metz, new species (Gelechiidae: Gelechiinae). We provide these honorifics to recognize commitment and devotion to conservation of biodiversity. The new species are all highly diagnostic among other species of Gelechioidea, and species of Tinaegeria and Percnarcha demonstrate striking mimesis for presumed wasp and beetle models. The family-group name Tinaegeriidae Hampson, 1893 is clarified, including the previously overlooked priority of the family-group name synonyms, and is placed as a valid subfamily in Depressariidae comprised of the genera Filinota Busck, 1911, Nematochares Meyrick, 1931, Philtronoma Meyrick, 1914, Profilinota Clarke, 1973, and Tinaegeria Walker, 1856.

Abstract:

Two hundred and forty-four valid species in 36 genera are listed. The genus Telostegus Costa, 1887 with the species T. inermis (Brullé, 1833) are newly recorded from Russia. Lectotypes are designated for Salius desertorum F. Morawitz, 1891, Psammochares amurensis Gussakovskij, 1932, and Pompilus cardinalis F. Morawitz, 1891. The generic status of Batozonellus Arnold, 1937, stat. resurr. is reinstated. Five taxa: Ceropales pygmaea pygmaea Kohl, 1880, C. ruficornis Gussakovskij, 1931, Eoferreola anatolica Priesner, 1973, Hemipepsis sinensis (Smith, 1855), and Telostegus nigritulus (Klug, 1834) are excluded from the list of the Russian fauna. The world number of genus-group names of Pompilidae is clarified: 451 nominal names, including 42 unavailable names, were proposed. Of the 409 available names, 254 are currently considered valid.

Abstract:

Oncodostigma Diels (1912: 143) was erected by Diels (1912) based on the type species O. leptoneura Diels (1912: 143). Five additional species were subsequently added to the genus, viz.: O. wilsonii Guillaumin (1931: 224), O. monosperma (Hooker & Thomson 1872: 57) Sinclair (1951: 605), O. mindorense (Merrill 1907: 273) Bân (1974: 1779), O. hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) and O. microflorum Okada (1996: 8). Van Heusden (1992) conducted a detailed comparative study of the floral morphology of Annonaceae and noted that Oncodostigma is not clearly distinct from Meiogyne Miquel (1865: 12). She subsequently transferred O. mindorense and O. monosperma to Meiogyne and reduced O. wilsonii to synonymy with M. cylindrocarpa (Burck 1911: 433) Heusden (1994: 499). The name Oncodostigma hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) had previously been transferred to Meiogyne by Bân (1973).

Abstract:

O Estado do Paraná, em particular sua região oeste, foi uma fronteira agrícola que atraiu (i)migrantes de diversas origens. Uma maneira de visualizar essa história de ocupação humana é através da paisagem linguística. Este trabalho tem como foco o estudo da Antroponímia de origem ibérica no município de Iguatu – PR por meio da paisagem linguística cemiterial. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 21 iconografias, constituídas por lápides de cemitério, nas quais foram identificados 27 nomes de família. Por meio da consulta de fontes lexicográficas (MACHADO, 1984, 1977; GUÉRIOS, 1973; NUNES; KREMER, 1999; TIBÓN, 1986, 2001; LEITE DE VASCONCELOS, 1928, 1931 etc.) foi possível expor as descrições etimológicas existentes de cada antropônimo estudado e os aspectos históricos de seu uso na história da língua. A maioria dos nomes analisados possui uma relação com a história e a natureza física ou humana da Península Ibérica.

Abstract:

Smiljana (Smiljka) Nell rođena je 23. listopada 1931. godine u Zagrebu kao jedino dijete obitelji Nell. Osnovnu školu završila je u Zagrebu te je nakon položene male mature upisala gimnaziju. Uz gimnaziju završila je i srednju glazbenu školu. Po završetku gimnazije upisala se u Školu za medicinske sestre u Mlinarskoj ulici u Zagrebu, gdje je diplomirala 1950. godine. Nakon diplome počinje raditi u Klinici za infektivne bolesti „Dr. Fran Mihaljević“ u Zagrebu. Dvije godine kasnije upisala je poslijediplomski studij za medicinske sestre u Školi narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu i diplomirala sestrinstvo u javnom zdravstvu. Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu upisala je 1977. godine kao izvanredni student te je odslušala predmete s prve godine. Od 1968. do 1988. godine (do odlaska u mirovinu) bila je g lavna sestra Klinike za infektivne bolesti „Dr. Fran Mihaljević“. Smiljka Nell bila je inicijator osnivanja i prva predsjednica Sekcije sestara infektoloških odjela Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske (danas Hrvatska udruga medicinskih sestara, Infektološko društvo). Sekcija je osnovana u Zagrebu 1969. godine, a Smiljka Nell obavljala je dužnost predsjednice od 1969. do 1973. godine nakon čega obnaša dužnost tajnice Društva medicinskih sestara i tehničara SR Hrvatske, do 1975. godine. U njezinu mandatu održana su prva tri Savjetovanja sestara infektoloških odjela i klinika Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske. Bila je član uređivačkog odbora Vjesnika medicinskih sestara i medicinskih tehničara SR Hrvatske od 1970. do kraja 1973. godine. Smiljka Nell učinila je velik iskorak u unapređenju sestrinstva, a posebice organizacije rada infektoloških odjela cijele Hrvatske te je sve do odlaska u mirovinu, krajem 1988. godine, zbog svih svojih aktivnosti smatrana vrlo utjecajnom medicinskom sestrom u području skrbi za infektološke bolesnike. Preminula je 28. srpnja 2021. godine.

Abstract:

Abstract The paper summarizes the results of our study of selected Microlepidoptera families (Meessiidae, Tineidae, Douglasiidae, Epermeniidae, Glyphipterigidae: Acrolepiinae) collected in the Russian Altai. Tinea altaica sp. nov. is described from the vicinity of Tashanta on the Russian-Mongolian border and from Mongolia. The new species distantly resembles Tinea semifulvella Haworth, 1828 and T. semifulvelloides Petersen, 1973. The up to now unknown females of Klimeschia biarmatella Budashkin, 2003 and Monopis luteocostalis Gaedike, 2006 are described. Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794), Crassicornella crassicornella (Zeller, 1847), Trichophaga ziniella Zagulajev, 1960, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823), Monopis laevigella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), M. pallidella Zagulajev, 1955, Epermenia ochreomaculella asiatica Gaedike, 1979, and Acrolepiopsis sapporensis (Matsumura, 1931) are recorded from the Altai Republic for the first time. Tinea hongorella Zagulajev, 1975 and Klimeschia biarmatella Budashkin, 2003, so far known only from the holotypes, are new species for Russia. Tinea hongorella is also a new species for Europe.

Abstract:

Habitat type 91E0 in Croatia extends to approximately 80,000 ha. It contains 16 types according to the National habitat classification of Croatia (NHC). They are based on phytosociological principles and are aligned with the level of association. They are: E.1. Riparian alluvial willow forests (Salicion albae Soó 1930), poplar (Populion albae Br.-Bl. 1931) and white alder forests (Alnion incanae Pawl. in Pawl. et al. 1928) Riparian alluvial willow and poplar forests (Salicion albae, Populion albae) E.1.1.1. – Salicetum albae-fragilis Soó (1930) 1958 E.1.1.2. – Salicetum albae Isller 1926 E.1.1.3. – Salici-Populetum nigrae (R. Tx. 1931) Meyer Drees 1936 E.1.2.1. – Populetum albae (Br.-Bl.) Tchou 1947 E.1.2.2. – Populetum nigro-albae Slavnić 1952 Alluvial white alder forests (Alnion incanae) E.1.3.1. – Equiseto hyemali-Alnetum incanae M. Moor 1958 E.1.3.2. – Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae Dakskobler 2010 E.2. Floodplain forests of pedunculate oak, black alder and narrow-leaved ash (Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929, Alnion incanae) Swamp and floodplain forests of black alder narrow-leaved ash (Alnion glutinosae) E.2.1.4. – Frangulo-Alnetum glutinosae Rauš (1971) 1973 E.2.1.6. – Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae W. Koch 1926 ex Tx. 1931 E.2.1.7. – Leucojo-Fraxinetum angustifoliae Glavač 1959 E.2.1.9. – Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1935 Alluvial and wetland forests of black alder, elms, narrow-leaved and common ash (Alnion incanae) E.2.1.1. – Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmetum laevis Slavnić 1952 E.2.1.2. – Carici remotae-Fraxinetum excelsioris W. Koch 1926 ex Faber 1936 E.2.1.3. – Carici brizoidis-Alnetum glutinosae Horvat 1938 E.2.1.5. – Pruno-Fraxinetum angustifoliae Glavač 1960 E.2.1.8. – Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmayer 1957 The article contains a description, area of distribution in Croatia, and diagnostic indicators for each type. For each type related types are listed, the corresponding code according to EUNIS-classification, and literature in which is described in more detail. This article has practical importance because it helps in the identification and mapping of forest habitat types, and these tasks are currently being implemented in the Croatian forestry.

Abstract:

Najib el-Kîlânî, who lived in Egypt from 1931 to 1995, is one of the important figures in Islamic literature. He dabbled in literature when he was young and wrote about a hundred works. The period he lived and the countries he visited gave him the opportunity to get to know the problems faced by the Islamic society. The author depicted these problems that he witnessed in his works. Najib el-Kîlânî, who focuses on the social, political, economic and religious problems of the Muslim community in his literary works, deals with 1973 Egypt-Israel war in his novel “Ramazan Habîbî” that is the focal point of our research. The novel is about the expansionist policy of the Jews, the unjust oppression they faced and the struggle of the Egyptian people against America's hypocrisy. In the novel, the struggle of the Egyptian people against Israel for the liberation of the Sinai Desert and the Suez Canal, the occupied lands, is told. It is about the war between the Arabs and Israel in 1973, known as the Ramazan War (Yom Kippur War). It relates the overnight seizure of the “Bar-Lev Line”, which Israel says is impassable. In this study, Najib el-Kîlânî’s novel “Ramazan Habîbî” will be examined technically and thematically within the framework of issues such as the cultural corruption experienced by the Arab society, their approach to Zionism and the problem of the sense of belonging for their homeland.

Abstract:

As a key stakeholder who is recognised as adesigner of high aesthetic building space as well asa leader and coordinator in conventional architecturalproject developments, an architect has to bewell-prepared for such a challenging task. Skills andknowledge, therefore, have to be constantly renewedand created in the fragmented industry structure. Onesystematic solution can be learned from the highlycreative advertising industry where the right idea iscrucial for the success of a task.This little classic book written by the legendaryJames Webb Young (1886-1973) in 1965 can be agood start to systematically create new ideas.Contents of the book were written from Young’sextensive experience in U.S. advertising from the timehe started working at J. Walter Thompson advertisingagency as a copy writer in 1912 to the top of hiscareer as a vice president in 1928. They werepresented to graduate students at the University ofChicago’s Business School where he was a professorfrom 1931 to 1939 and with a number of gatheringswith active advertising people to inspire people toconceive.

Abstract:

O cantor afro-porto-riquenho Ismael 'Maelo' Rivera (1931-1987) incluiu a sua versão da música "Mi jaragual" em seu álbum intitulado Vengo por la maceta (1973). Essa música pinta um retrato familiar no qual a vida camponesa, a propriedade da terra e a mulher se tornam formas de exercer uma soberania heteropatriarcal fundamentada em ideias românticas sobre nação, família e masculinidade. Este ensaio propõe uma escuta crítica desse retrato patriarcal cantado em “Mi Jaragual”, tomando-o não como um deslize, mas como uma reafirmação do homem ou do masculino como o parâmetro do que significa ser humano. Reafirmação que se dá mesmo quando se trata de homens cujas vidas precárias são também objetos da violência colonial. Proponho escutar a utopia camponesa cantada por Maelo em “Mi Jaragual” como expressão de masculinidades precárias que reenfatizam a violência patriarcal contra as mulheres e, ao mesmo tempo, como reafirmação legítima da soberania no contexto colonial porto-riquenho.

Abstract:

This paper provides an in-depth discussion and evaluation of different accounts of the historical development of possessive HAVE GOT. Accounts which postulate the insertion of got as a pattern preserver after phonologically reduced instances of possessive HAVE (Jespersen 1931; Crowell 1959; Krug 2000) are problematic because there is no historical evidence for phonologically reduced possessive HAVE. Another line of research argues that possessive HAVE GOT started out as an inference ‘continuation of possession’ in contexts of present perfect HAVE got(ten) ‘have received/have acquired’ (Johnson 1773; Visser 1973; Gronemeyer 1999). A principled account of this development is provided in terms of the conventionalisation of conversational implicatures. The inference ‘continuation of possession’ is a conversational implicature which meets Levinson’s criteria of cancellability, nondetachability, reinforceability and calculability. Conventionalisation of this conversational implicature is evidenced by uses of HAVE GOT in contexts of inalienable possession where the meaning ‘have received/have acquired’ is no longer possible.

Abstract:

Stechnicyzowana współczesność, z jej nastawieniem na konsumpcję i przyjemność, nie sprzyja moralnemu dojrzewaniu ludzkiej osoby czy refleksji nad własnym człowieczeństwem. Stwarza człowieka powierzchownego, którego relacje z innymi również nie są głębokie. Relacja instrumentalna, pragmatyczna („ja” – „to”) dominuje nad autentycznym spotkaniem, nad relacją podmiotową („ja” – „ty”) w rozumieniu filozofów dialogu. Chrześcijański egzystencjalista Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973) podkreśla, że człowiek musi dopiero siebie „stwarzać”, powołany jest do „dojrzewania w człowieczeństwie”. To droga wysiłku moralnego od egzystencji banalnej do autentycznej, na której – jak można wnioskować z jego pism – fundamentalne jest podjęcie dwojakiego rodzaju trudu: (1) dogłębnej refleksji nad tajemnicą ludzkiego istnienia i życia oraz nad Tajemnicą Boskiego „Ty”; (2) rozwoju w relacjach międzyludzkich ku pełni relacji podmiotowej i byciu „rozporządzalnym” względem innych. Ksiądz Tadeusz Dajczer (1931–2009), wybitny religioznawca i poszukiwany kierownik duchowy, odnalazł w relacyjnej naturze człowieka opisywanej przez Gabriela Marcela antropologiczną bazę ku prowadzeniu powierzonych mu dusz do Boga. W swoich pismach dokonał oryginalnej, fenomenologicznej analizy relacji podmiotowej na drodze ku Niemu. Zjednoczenie z Bogiem widział jako szczyt relacji „ja” – „Ty”. Myśl obu autorów przekonuje, że troska o relację podmiotową jest miarą dojrzewania w człowieczeństwie.

Abstract:

Twenty-four genera of Terebellidae Grube, 1850, are described including one new genus and forty-four species recorded and characterized from the Grand Caribbean region. Six species are newly described: Lysilla caribe sp. nov., Polycirrus angeli sp. nov., Eupolymnia rullieri sp. nov., Euthelepus kritzleri sp. nov., Streblosoma tenhovei sp. nov., and Kritzlerius anomalus gen. nov. and sp. nov. Twenty-four formerly recorded species are regarded as valid: Biremis blandi Polloni, Rowe & Teal, 1973, Enoplobranchus sanguineus Verrill, 1873, Polycirrus holthei Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005, P. pennulifera Verrill, 1900, P. purpureus Schmarda, 1861, Amphitritides bruneocomata (Ehlers, 1887), Eupolymnia crassicornis (Schmarda, 1861), Lanicola carus (Young & Kritzler, 1987), L. garciagomezi (Londoño-Mesa, 2006), Loimia minuta Treadwell, 1929, L. salazari Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005, Neoamphitrite glasbyi LondoñoMesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005, P. palmata (Verrill, 1873), P. sombreriana McIntosh, 1885, Polymniella aurantiaca Verrill, 1900, Scionides reticulata (Ehlers, 1887), Spinosphaera carrerai Londoño-Mesa, 2003, S. hutchingsae Londoño-Mesa, 2003, Terebella turgidula Ehlers, 1887, T. verrilli Holthe, 1986, Terebellobranchia mchughae Londoño-Mesa & CarreraParra, 2005, Streblosoma hartmanae Kritzler, 1971, S. polybranchia Verrill, 1900, Thelepus haitiensis Treadwell, 1931, and T. pascua (Fauchald, 1977). Two species are reinstated: Loimia bermudensis Verrill, 1900, and Thelepus crassibranchiatus Treadwell, 1901. One species is reinstated with a new combination: Eupolymnia magnifica (Webster, 1884). Five species names are new combinations: Pista cetrata (Ehlers, 1887), Pistella papillosa (Tourtellotte & Kritzler, 1988), Terebellobranchia hiata (Treadwell, 1931), Thelepus tenuis (Verrill, 1900), and T. verrilli (Treadwell, 1911). Finally, five species are regarded as distinct but remain undescribed because of the poor condition of the specimens: Amaeana sp. 1, Neoleprea sp. A Kritzler, 1984, Neoleprea sp. 1, Proclea sp. 1, and Thelepus sp. 1. All of the type and non-type material available for each species from the region is revised and compared with specimens of species previously regarded as junior synonyms of others species described from areas outsie of the region. A key to all species is provided.

Abstract:

The Good Earth (1931) by the American author, Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973) is recognised for its predominant theme of the nourishing power of the land. Buck’s novel situates this universal theme within the context of traditional Chinese culture. Wang Lung, a farmer, has an intimate relationship with the earth because he produces his harvest through his own labour. Buck suggests that Wang Lung’s reverence for nature is responsible for his inner goodness, as well as for his increasing material success, and that the decadent, wasteful ways of the wealthy are due to their estrangement from the land. Buck also suggests throughout the book that while human success is transitory, the earth endures forever. These ideas about the earth give the novel its title. The novel is recognised for its glorification of land and soil as the foundation of life. Throughout the novel, a connection to the land is associated with moral piety, good sense, respect for nature, and a strong work ethic, while alienation from the land is associated with decadence and corruption. This paper is an attempt to offer viable alternatives to reconstitute ecocritical ideas in The Good Earth and to evaluate them in terms of their coherence and usefulness as responses to the worsening environmental crisis.

Abstract:

Letters by Zofia Stryjeńska (1891–1976) to Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki in the Collection of the Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow The edition of letters written by Zofia Stryjeńska (1891–1976), an outstanding artist of the interwar period, to Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki includes several letters from the years 1917, 1931 and 1935. Zofia Jachimecka (1886–1973), a translator from Italian and German and her husband Zdzisław (1882–1953), a musicologist, ran an artistic & social salon in their apartment at ul. Grodzka 47 in Cracow. Kept in the Special Collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS, the short and concise correspondence recalls the times of the cultural elite of the interwar period. The paper presents the life and artistic achievements of Stryjeńska and Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki. Their mutual interest in music and theatre and a similar way of perceiving art are visible in their artistic output. The paper contains many quotations from persons connected with intellectual Cracow, which testifies to the significant status of Stryjeńska and Jachimecki. The content of letters created an opportunity to recall the names of outstanding persons who have been connected with the culture and science of Cracow.

Abstract:

Las organizaciones de gobernanza de los arquitectos españoles se establecen de forma definitiva en 1931 con la aparición de los Colegios Profesionales de Arquitectos. Estas instituciones y sus herramientas administrativas y profesionales dimanan, en buena medida, del gremio medieval, del taller artesano y el corporativismo franquista (heredero del primero) y mantienen un funcionamiento continuado y exitoso hasta 1973. A partir de esta fecha, los sucesivos cambios políticos, sociales y económicos que tienen lugar en el país alteran el equilibrio de un modelo profesional que hasta ese momento era prácticamente hom*ogéneo. El periodo de 1970 a 1996, en que el sector comienza una liberalización que aún hoy continúa, supondrá, para los profesionales de la arquitectura españoles y sus organizaciones, un momento de análisis, de producción de información y de toma de posiciones ante una crisis endémica y un nuevo modelo de arquitecto y de ejercicio de la profesión para los que las herramientas de gestión del mercado profesional y sus instituciones no estaban preparadas. Los Colegios abordarán esta tarea introspectiva de formas diversas y sus sucesivas aproximaciones a la situación a lo largo de este periodo discurrirán entre la defensa del origen gremial, del modelo laboral y organizativo basado en el arquitecto liberal -el creador, en buena medida mitificado- y el planteamiento de cambios adaptativos acordes a la cambiante situación española; entre hacer siempre lo mismo y necesitar, cada vez de forma más urgente, resultados diferentes.

Abstract:

Margaret French Cresson (1889-1973) was the daughter of famed American sculptor Daniel Chester French (1850-1931), who is well-known for his Minute Man in Concord, Massachusetts, and his seated figure of Abraham Lincoln for the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. Cresson was also a sculptor—she studied with her father, collaborated with him on works, and later became successful in the area of portraiture. Both father and daughter were active members of the National Sculpture Society, serving in leadership positions and contributing works to exhibitions. French and his family lived in New York City and spent their summers at Chesterwood, in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Here, French built a modern studio and a comfortable residence, and he designed lush gardens and paths through the woods. After his death, Cresson inherited the site, and she worked to preserve her father’s legacy by preserving his Studio, amassing a collection of his works, and creating a museum at Chesterwood, now a site of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Many of her works are in the Chesterwood collection as well. To honor Cresson’s preservation efforts and her talent as a sculptor, this season Chesterwood will exhibit some of her most successful portraits in the Studio. Next year, a full-scale exhibition of her work will be presented throughout the site.

Abstract:

The Clinterocera jucunda species group of the genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 is revised. Fourteen species are recognized within this group, including five new species described herein: C. brevifasciata Xu & Qiu, new species from northern Vietnam and China; C. krikkeni Xu & Qiu, new species from southwestern China; C. sinensis Xu & Qiu, new species from southern China; C. velutina Xu & Qiu, new species from Hainan, China; and C. vietnamensis Xu & Qiu, new species from central Vietnam and Laos. Clinterocera nigra (Kano, 1931) is elevated to the species level. Clinterocera donckieri (Bourgoin, 1924) revised status is revalidated from the synonymy with C. davidis (Fairmaire, 1878). Two new synonyms are proposed based on examination of types and additional specimens: C. humeralis (Moser, 1902) new synonym and C. cervenkai Krajčík, 2012 new synonym are placed as junior synonyms of C. jucunda (Westwood, 1873) and C. donckieri, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for C. davidis and C. humeralis. Diagnoses and colored illustrations of most species are provided, including other four rare species, C. bicolor (Nonfried, 1893), C. ishikawai (Kurosawa, 1973), C. raui (Paulian, 1961), and C. yunnana (Moser, 1911). A key and a detailed description for the species group are presented. Male genitalia, intraspecific variations, new distribution records, and natural history are given for most species. The relationship between Clinterocera and ants is discussed.

Abstract:

L'Autore presenta i caratteri e il significato delle costituzioni che i re e i presidenti dell'Afghanistan hanno elaborato, per porre l'attenzione sull'ultima Costituzione del 2004 che cerca di sintetizzare tradizione e modernitŕ della societŕ afgana. La prima Costituzione afgana risale al 1923, promulgata dal re Amanullah. La proposta dello stato, avanzata da questa Costituzione, č quella monarchica. La seconda Costituzione č del 1931, ed č promulgata da Mohammad Khan, ed č chiamata Usulmana- a asasi. Essa comincia con l'invocazione "Nel nome di Allah il piů misericordioso". La terza Costituzione č del 1964, ed č intitolata "Qamu-e asasi". Č una costituzione piů moderna delle precedenti e vuole essere la "legge statale". Nel 1977 viene discussa ed emanata una nuova Costituzione, in seguito alla risoluzione del 1973 di Daoud, appoggiato da esercito e partiti marxisti. Tale Costituzione č centrata sul Presidente della repubblica. L'Autore tuttavia mette in risalto e discute la Costituzione del 2004, in quanto "globalizzazione giuridica", che risulta stratificata in tre parti; infatti vi č un frontespizio di carattere teologico: la religione di stato č l'Islam, e nessuna legge puň essere contraria ai principi della religione islamica. La seconda parte č lo scheletro istituzionale, che č fondato sui principi illuministici e gallicani delle costituzioni occidentali. Poi vi č la terza parte che regola la societŕ civile. Fra i tre modelli in realtŕ, come detto, il prevalente č quello religioso. Su questa Costituzione basa il suo potere anche Hamid Karzai.

Abstract:

Amendments are made to inconsistencies, mistakes and omissions in the catalogue of American Laniatores by Kury (2003). Discrepancies between dates given in Kury (2003) and Neave’s Nomenclator and the Zoological Record are discussed. Accurate issue dates for relevant publications are used to define priorities. Etymologies are surveyed for generic names, establishing their grammatical gender, so specific names are inflected according to the provisions of the Code. Unavailable generic names are: Messa Sørensen, 1932, Zarax Sørensen, 1932, Prasia Sørensen, 1932, Angistrisoma Roewer, 1932, Angistrisoma Mello-Leitão, 1935, Bunoweyhia Mello-Leitão, 1935, Batomites Mello-Leitão, 1931, Euminua Sørensen, 1932, Minua Sørensen, 1932, Ilhastygnus Roewer, 1943, Fonteboatus Roewer, 1931, Malea Sørensen, 1932, Chersobleptes Sørensen, 1932 and Jimeneziella Avram, 1970. Hernandria Banks, 1909 is unavailable and must be placed as an “incorrect subsequent spelling” of Hernandaria Sørensen, 1884. The valid genus name is Parahernandria Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 (stat. res.). Zaraxolia Strand, 1942 (stat. res.) is revalidated from the synonymy of Neocynorta Roewer, 1915 with Zarax devians Sørensen, 1932 as type species. Friburgoia Mello-Leitão, 1932 [December] is deemed a junior subjective synonym of Schenkelibunus Strand, 1932 [September] (stat. res.) (inverted precedence between synonyms). Liops Mello-Leitão, 1940 (non Fieber, 1870, nec Gidley, 1906) is a junior hom*onym and is replaced by its first available synonym, Corcovadesia Soares & Soares, 1954 (stat. res.). The following unavailable generic names are formally described as new: (1) Jimeneziella Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, gen. nov. (type species: Jimeneziella decui Avram, 1973); (2) Euminua Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, gen. nov. (type species: Euminua brevitarsa Sørensen, 1932). The following hom*onym generic names are replaced: (1) Cranellus Roewer 1932, with Narcellus Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. nov., (2) Metapachylus Pickard-Cambridge, 1905, with Pyropharynx Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. nov.; (3) Ovalia González-Sponga, 1987, with Oo Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. nov.; (4) Tiara González-Sponga, 1987 with Mitraia Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. nov.; (5) Limonia González-Sponga, 1998, with Manuelangelia Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. nov. Gonyleptes melloleitaoi Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. nov. is a replacement name for Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitão, 1932. Discocyrtus confusus Kury, 2003 is unavailable, so this species is here re-described as Discocyrtus confusus Kury n. sp. New combinations are: Parahernandria spinosa (Banks, 1909) (from Hernandaria), Schenkelibunus impar (Mello-Leitão, 1932) (from Friburgoia), Schenkelibunus perditus (Mello-Leitão, 1927) (from Friburgoia), Narcellus balthazar (Roewer, 1932) (from Cranellus), Narcellus montgomeryi (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947) (from Cranellus), Pyropharynx gracilis (Pickard-Cambridge, 1905) (from Metapachylus), Oo spinosum (GonzálezSponga, 1999) (from Ovalia), Mitraia unispina (González-Sponga, 1987) (from Tiara), Manuelangelia tuberosa (González-Sponga, 1998) (from Limonia), Zaraxolia devians (Sørensen, 1932) (from Zarax), Corcovadesia hexabunus (Mello-Leitão, 1940) (from Liops) and Corcovadesia venefica (H. Soares, 1966) (from Liops). The following genera of Pachylinae, which appeared in conflicting subfamilies in Kury 2003, are formally transferred to the Ampycinae: Ampycella Roewer, 1929, Glysterus Roewer, 1931, Hernandarioides Pickard-Cambridge, 1905, Parahernandria Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 and Hutamaia Soares & Soares, 1977. A list of taxa described in 2003 is interpolated. A complementary list of the 2004–2009 systematic literature on the subject is given.

Abstract:

In the first period of her career Urszula Czartoryska (1934–1998) dealt mainly with criticism. She predominantly focused on photography and its relations with other artistic phenomena, particularly from the borderline territory where artistic genres meet, covering also film and video. Two books summed up that stage in her writing career: Przygody plastyczne fotografii (1965) and Od pop-artu do sztuki konceptualnej (1973). Czartoryska’s professional domains extended in 1977 when she began work as the Head and Curator of the newly-established Department of Photography and Visual Techniques at the Museum of Art in Lodz, one of the first multimedia departments in world museology (photography, film, video, multimedia installations), forming part of the International Collection of Modern Art (opened to the public in 1931). The work for that institution did not imply only building the Department’s collection, but also involvement in the operations of the whole Museum, its display and publishing activity. It also impacted her writing activity in the sense that it extended to include research studies mainly on multi-motif inter- or interdisciplinary art. Apart from her work as a writer and museum curator, in 1978– 1993, Czartoryska also lectured: at the University of Lodz (1978–1986), Warsaw School of Photography (1985–1993), and at the State College of Fine Arts (today University of Fine Arts) in Poznan (1989–1993). Urszula Czartoryska represented the type of critic, museologist, and researcher opened to multiplicity of relations present in contemporary art, and drawing from numerous methods of its analysis and description.

Abstract:

The article analyses the impact of folktales on J.R.R. Tolkien’s story about Beren and Lúthien. The story was numerously rewritten and modified by the author, so the article focuses on three versions: The Tale of Tinúviel (written c. 1917), The Lay of Leithian (written 1925–1931) and Quenta Silmarillion (written c. 1937), the last of which is the textual base for The Silmarillion (1973). The major instruments of analysis are the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index and Vladimir Propp’s folk-tale characters functions. Beren and Lúthien emerges from several folktale types, along with numerous mythological and literary sources. The dominant type is ATU 460–499 (“Supernatural Task”), especially ATU 461 (“Three Hairs of the Devil”), but there are also references to ATU 550 (“The Golden Bird”) and ATU 551 (“The Water of Life”). The functions of the hero, the princess, and the helper are performed by, respectively, Beren, Lúthien, and Huan. However, the functions of the hero and the princess are distributed between the two protagonists and Lúthien assumes the hero’s function because she actively takes part in performing the supernatural task. The reason is that gender roles are subordinated to more important division between the human (Beren) and the divine (Lúthien, who resembles both a solar deity and a Christological figure). The convention of the folktale is also alluded to by stereotypical characteristics and moral values ascribed to the dog, the wolf, and the cat. The Tale of Tinúviel can be recognized as an etiological tale of the type ATU 200 (“The Dog’s Certificate”).

Abstract:

ريموند هنري ويليامز أكاديميٌّ وأديبٌ وناقدٌ من ويلز- بريطانيا. درَّسَ سنواتٍ أستاذًا للمسرحِ في جامعةِ كامبردج. وكانَ شخصيةً مؤثرةً داخلَ اليسارِ الجديدِ وفي الثقافةِ الإنجليزيةِ عمومًا. وتُعَـدُّ كتاباتُهُ في السياسةِ والثقافةِ ووسائلِ الإعلامِ والأدبِ إسهامًا مهمًّا في النقدِ الماركسيِّ للثقافةِ والآدابِ والفنونِ. ووضعَ عملُهُ أسسَ مجالِ الدِّراساتِ الثقافيَّةِ والمنهجِ الماديِّ الثقافيِّ النقديِّ. لهُ كتبٌ منها: الَّثقافةُ والمجتمعُ، المسرحُ من إبسن إلى بريخت، الَّثقافةُ والماديَّةُ، السِّياسةُ والآدابُ، مشاكلُ الماديَّةِ والثقافةِ، المأساة الحديثة والعديدُ من الأعمالِ الأدبيةِ. وفي كتابِهِ المعنونِ المسرحُ من إبسن إلى بريخت (1973)، الذي صدرَتْ لهُ طبعاتٌ عدة وهو بحقٍّ من أهمِّ الدراساتِ في المسرحِ العالميِّ حتى الآنَ، يتفحَّصُ ريموند ويليامز بأسلوبٍ نقديٍّ نموذجيٍّ تطوُّرَ الشَّكلِ المسرحيِّ من هنريك إبسن إلى برتولت بريخت بنظرةٍ شاملةٍ للمسرحياتِ من بلدان مختلفة، ويقدِّمُ للقارئِ رؤًى عميقةً حول دورِ المسرحِ في المجتمعِ وفي طريقةِ عملِ اللغةِ المسرحيَّةِ. وتؤلِّفُ هذه قراءةً أساسيةً لروَّادِ المسرحِ ونقَّادِهِ وطلابِ الأدبِ على حدٍّ سواءٍ. ويقدِّمُ الفصلُ السابع ُمن الكتاب، المتمثِّلُ بالفصلِ الحاليِّ المنقولِ إلى العربيةِ، دراسةً تختصُّ بالمسرحياتِ الرئيسةِ للكاتبِ المسرحيِّ بريخت بنظرةٍ شاملةٍ لأعمالِهِ وتطوُّرِ كتابتِهِ المسرحيَّةِ منذُ بدايةِ العشرينياتِ، مرورًا بنظريةِ "المسرحِ الملحميِّ" الجديدةِ في العامِ 1931، ووصولاً إلى الفترةِ المهمَّةِ الَّتي تمتدُّ من العامِ 1937 حتى 1945 وكتبَ فيها مسرحياتِهِ الشهيرةَ: الأمُّ شجاعةٌ و امرأةُ سيزوانَ الطيبةُ و حياةُ غاليليوو دائرةُ الطباشيرِ القوقازيةُ، مشيرًا إلى دورِ فرقةِ البرلينر انسامبل التي تأسَّستْ في العامِ 1949. ويدرسُ وليامز تطوُّرَ مسيرةِ بريخت المسرحيةِ المليئةِ بالتناقضاتِ والغموضِ والتغيُّراتِ البارزةِ الَّتي أدَّتْ إلى نجاحِهِ المسرحيِّ في المرحلةِ المهمَّةِ الآنفةِ الذِّكرِ، فشكَّلتْ أعمالُ هذه المرحلةِ إلى جانبِ نظريَّتهِ في المسرحِ الملحميِّ، والَّتي تتناولُ الإخراجَ والعرضَ والتَّمثيلَ والنقدَ وغيرَ ذلكَ، الإسهامَينِ الأساسيَّينِ المترابطينِ، اَللَّذَيْنِ استعملَ فيهما أفكارَهُ السِّياسيةَ اليساريَّةَ، وكانَ لهما دورٌ بارزٌ في تطوُّرِ مسرحِ بريخت والمسرحِ العالميِّ أيضًا.

Abstract:

ريموند هنري ويليامز أكاديميٌّ وأديبٌ وناقدٌ من ويلز- بريطانيا. درَّسَ سنواتٍ أستاذًا للمسرحِ في جامعةِ كامبردج. وكانَ شخصيةً مؤثرةً داخلَ اليسارِ الجديدِ وفي الثقافةِ الإنجليزيةِ عمومًا. وتُعَـدُّ كتاباتُهُ في السياسةِ والثقافةِ ووسائلِ الإعلامِ والأدبِ إسهامًا مهمًّا في النقدِ الماركسيِّ للثقافةِ والآدابِ والفنونِ. ووضعَ عملُهُ أسسَ مجالِ الدِّراساتِ الثقافيَّةِ والمنهجِ الماديِّ الثقافيِّ النقديِّ. لهُ كتبٌ منها: الَّثقافةُ والمجتمعُ، المسرحُ من إبسن إلى بريخت، الَّثقافةُ والماديَّةُ، السِّياسةُ والآدابُ، مشاكلُ الماديَّةِ والثقافةِ، المأساة الحديثة والعديدُ من الأعمالِ الأدبيةِ. وفي كتابِهِ المعنونِ المسرحُ من إبسن إلى بريخت (1973)، الذي صدرَتْ لهُ طبعاتٌ عدة وهو بحقٍّ من أهمِّ الدراساتِ في المسرحِ العالميِّ حتى الآنَ، يتفحَّصُ ريموند ويليامز بأسلوبٍ نقديٍّ نموذجيٍّ تطوُّرَ الشَّكلِ المسرحيِّ من هنريك إبسن إلى برتولت بريخت بنظرةٍ شاملةٍ للمسرحياتِ من بلدان مختلفة، ويقدِّمُ للقارئِ رؤًى عميقةً حول دورِ المسرحِ في المجتمعِ وفي طريقةِ عملِ اللغةِ المسرحيَّةِ. وتؤلِّفُ هذه قراءةً أساسيةً لروَّادِ المسرحِ ونقَّادِهِ وطلابِ الأدبِ على حدٍّ سواءٍ. ويقدِّمُ الفصلُ السابع ُمن الكتاب، المتمثِّلُ بالفصلِ الحاليِّ المنقولِ إلى العربيةِ، دراسةً تختصُّ بالمسرحياتِ الرئيسةِ للكاتبِ المسرحيِّ بريخت بنظرةٍ شاملةٍ لأعمالِهِ وتطوُّرِ كتابتِهِ المسرحيَّةِ منذُ بدايةِ العشرينياتِ، مرورًا بنظريةِ "المسرحِ الملحميِّ" الجديدةِ في العامِ 1931، ووصولاً إلى الفترةِ المهمَّةِ الَّتي تمتدُّ من العامِ 1937 حتى 1945 وكتبَ فيها مسرحياتِهِ الشهيرةَ: الأمُّ شجاعةٌ و امرأةُ سيزوانَ الطيبةُ و حياةُ غاليليوو دائرةُ الطباشيرِ القوقازيةُ، مشيرًا إلى دورِ فرقةِ البرلينر انسامبل التي تأسَّستْ في العامِ 1949. ويدرسُ وليامز تطوُّرَ مسيرةِ بريخت المسرحيةِ المليئةِ بالتناقضاتِ والغموضِ والتغيُّراتِ البارزةِ الَّتي أدَّتْ إلى نجاحِهِ المسرحيِّ في المرحلةِ المهمَّةِ الآنفةِ الذِّكرِ، فشكَّلتْ أعمالُ هذه المرحلةِ إلى جانبِ نظريَّتهِ في المسرحِ الملحميِّ، والَّتي تتناولُ الإخراجَ والعرضَ والتَّمثيلَ والنقدَ وغيرَ ذلكَ، الإسهامَينِ الأساسيَّينِ المترابطينِ، اَللَّذَيْنِ استعملَ فيهما أفكارَهُ السِّياسيةَ اليساريَّةَ، وكانَ لهما دورٌ بارزٌ في تطوُّرِ مسرحِ بريخت والمسرحِ العالميِّ أيضًا.

Abstract:

For political scientists, and particularly scholars and students of Africa, Crawford Young needs litde introduction. However, as he has now achieved an emeritus status at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, it is time to present his intimate understanding of African politics in the last forty years.Born in Philadelphia in November 1931, Young received his B.A, from the University of Michigan in 1953. He studied at the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London from 1955 to 1956 and at die Institut d'Etudes Politiques, University of Paris, from 1956 to 1957. He dien entered graduate school at Harvard University, completing his doctorate degree in political science in 1964. In 1963 Young was offered an assistant professor position by the Department of Political Science at die University of Wisconsin–Madison. He remained tiiere for his entire career, retiring in January 2001. He has held visiting professorships at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda (1965–66), and at the University of Dakar in Senegal (1987–88). He also served as dean of the Faculty of Social Science at the Université Nationale du Zaire from 1973 to 1975. Among his publications are twelve monographs, over one hundred articles, and chapters in numerous books. Several of Young's works have been translated into different languages.Young's professional career includes extended field research in Congo-Kinshasa, Senegal, and Uganda. He has received many prestigious awards such as the Herskovits Prize (African Studies Association) and the Ralph Bunche Award (American Political Science Association) for The Politics of Cultural Pluralism (Wisconsin, 1976), and the Gregory Luebbert Prize (APSA) for The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective (Yale, 1994).

Abstract:

Glasba Iva Petrića (r. 1931) je bila vedno melodično usmerjena. Obenem pa je skladatelj vedno kazal in še vedno kaže zanimanje za instrumentalne tehnike in barve ter za prepričljivo formo. Njegova glasba petdesetih let, še posebej Sonate za pihalne instrumente, odseva tradicionalen pristop melodičnega pisanja, medtem ko v Sonatah za klarinet in rog postanejo Hindemithovi vplivi očitni. Precejšnjo melodično fleksibilnost kaže Klarinetni koncert, tako da s Koncentantno glasbo (1961-62) Petrićev stil doseže prehodno fazo, v kateri je nemalo melodičnih metamorfoz. V delih, kot sta Élégie sur le nom de Carlos Salzedo za harfo in Croquis sonores (1963) za komorni ansambel, imamo opraviti s serialnimi prijemi. V slednji skladbi je melodičen zapis fragmentaren, ritmično iregularen in uporablja vseh dvanajst poltonov. Pojavi se t.i. prostorska notacija. Sedem skladb za sedem instrumentov odseva enostavno serialnost, značilnost, ki je skladatelj poslej ni več razvijal. Simfonične mutacije (1964) predstavljajo začetek utrjevanja in pretanjevanja Petrićevih skladateljskih postopkov. Čeprav oblikovno zanimivo, se zdi to delo še posebej značilno zavoljo tematskih preoblikovanj in svobodne asociativnosti podobnih tipov tem kot povezujočega faktorja med posameznimi deli skladbe. Po vrsti komornih del je Petrić v letih 1968-69 ustvaril tri pomembne kompozicije: Integrale v barvah za orkester, Intarzije za ansambel in Quatour 1969 za godalni kvartet. V teh delih so melodične celice in motivi uporabljeni tako za izoblikovanje melodičnih linij kot tudi melodičnih tekstur. Vse te drobne melodične celice so podvržene vrsti iznajdljivih, a obenem slišnih preoblikovanj, pri čemer je opazna sinhronizacija melodičnih glasov. Petrićeva dela sedemdesetih let vključujejo sonatam podobne skladbe za klavir, komorne sestave in orkester s koncertantno tretiranimi solističnimi instrumenti. Tudi tukaj skladatelj manipulira in preoblikuje kratke melodične celice tako v melodične linije kot v spremljevalne teksture, ki jih prevevajo nesinhronizirani ostinati. Uporaba dolgih not in njihove razdelave je značilna za Lirizme za rog in klavir, Meditacije za klavirski trio, violinsko Sonato in še posebej za Quatuor 1979. V orkestralnih delih s solističnimi instrumenti so orkestralni parti veliko bolj razdelani in vodijo do učinkov, ki melodično kot taki niso slišni. Sinhronizacija melodičnih elementov je včasih natančna, kot na primer v Dialogues concertants za čelo, običajno - kot v Trois images za violino (1973) - pa je samo približna, vezana na sistem primarnih in sekundarnih dirigentskih intervencij. Pihalna dela, kot so Episodes lyriques (1973) za oboo in Jeux concertants (1978) za flavto, slonijo na kalejdoskopičnih teksturah, ki se poigravajo z melodičnimi fokusi. Osemdeseta leta kažejo Petrićevo vrnitev v "taktno" regularnost, v delih, kot sta Koncert za trobento in orkester (1986) in Moods and Temperaments (1987), ki pa vsemu navkljub odsevata melodične procese značilne za sedemdeseta leta.

Abstract:

256 Background: Although transplantation has shown remarkable survival benefit for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is limited data to support or refute the treatment of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) with transplantation. We hypothesized that patients with mixed histology had a lower overall survival than HCC after liver transplantation. Methods: Patients with localized HCC and cHCC-CC treated with surgical resection (SR) or transplant (TP) were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database (1973-2007). Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier model. Prognostic factors were examined with Cox regression analyses. Results: We identified 3378 (1447 [43%] TP and 1931 [57%] SR) patients with HCC, and 54 (19 [35%] TP and 35 [65%] SR) patients with cHCC-CC. Cohorts were similar with respect to age, gender, race, and tumor size. Median overall survival (OS) was 68 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 64-75) for HCC and 36 months (95% CI: 19-89) months for cHCC-CC (p = 0.01). Patients undergoing SR of HCC and cHCC-CC had similar 3-year OS (55% vs. 46%, p=0.4). Overall 3-year survival of patients undergoing TP was significantly longer for HCC (78%) than for cHCC-CC (48%, p=0.01). After adjusting for age at diagnosis and gender, multivariate modeling revealed an increased hazard ratio for patients undergoing TP with a mixed histology: HR 2.5 (95% CI: 1.2-5.1, p=0.01). Conclusions: Patients undergoing transplantation with localized cHCC-CC have a shorter overall survival than patients with HCC. In an era of organ shortage, this may justify excluding patients with cHCC-CC from transplantation. Our data is limited by the lack of tumor and host-specific factors, and prospective validation of this conclusion is warranted.

Abstract:

In the 2000s, Russian Orthodox believers underwent a moral panic related to the spread of new informational technologies and the rise of state individual identification systems. Among other factors contributing to the panic was the legend about “the Beast Computer in Brussels”. This article deals with its initial history, translations of the legend into Russian, as well as the cultural and ideological contexts that promoted its global popularity. The article supplements previous publications on this topic by the author. The genesis and the immediate context of the legend have been debated by scholars. Only recently, however, Eugene Clay discovered that the story was invented and publicized by the American evangelical preacher David Wilkerson (1931–2011) in 1973. By the end of the 1970s, the legend had become immensely popular amongst evangelical Christians in the US. In the 1980s, it was translated into several languages and spread globally in different confessional and secular contexts. One of its first translations into Russian was published in 1981 by Pavel Vaulin (1918-2007), a professor at the University of South Alabama. Another Russian compilation of the legend was probably composed in the early 1980s in Sacramento by Vera Tyson, an editor at the Russian Baptist newspaper Nashi Dni (“Our Days”). This text was popular with both the Baptists and the Russian Old Believers in the US and abroad. Some other Russian publications about the Beast Computer appeared in Russia in the early 1990s. The initial dissemination of the Russian versions of the legend was related to its popularity among relatively small and marginal émigré groups whose eschatology and conspiratorial fantasies developed from the ideas of anti-globalism and social escapism. In the post-Soviet religious culture, however, the story about the Beast Computer soon became widely known and popular. The reason for its extreme popularity was probably “agency panic”, especially characteristic of the societies that appeared on the fragmented terrain of the post-Soviet empire.

Abstract:

This text, a series of reflections on the life and work of Robert Morris, draws from Jeffrey Weiss's long working relationship with the artist, which includes their collaboration on an intensive study project at the Guggenheim Museum. He gives chief consideration to two bodies of work: the Minimalist objects, conceived during the 1960s and refabricated throughout his life; and the Blind Time drawings, produced between 1973 and 2015. Weiss's account is based on a close consideration of material and technical concerns, which motivate speculations about the medium of time. Temporality is expressed in three ways: through strategic replication, which characterized the on-going production of “early” works; through the process of making, which is foregrounded in the drawings; and through the role of memory, a recurring thematic device in the practice overall.

Abstract:

One of the peculiarities in the studying of the Vasyl Stefanik’s creative life is his relationships with the prominent Ukrainian singers Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872–1952) and Mykhailo Golynsky (1890–1973). Having strong national and cultural identity and talent they filled the artist’s spiritual life with new colors, impressions, and feelings. Being all-arounder personalities the singers paid tribute to the writer’s talent, supported him in his difficult period of life. One of Solomiya Krushelnytska, as one of the most famous women of ancient and modern Ukraine, made a strong impression on the young Vasyl Stefanyk. He was fascinated by her talent, beauty, temperament, and praised Solomiya' s voice and intellect. The writer carried this reverence for the singer throughout his life. Vasyl Stefanyk’s relationship with Mykhailo Golynsky was of a different nature. A native of Horodenka region, which borders the Sniatyn region, the peasant’s son Mykhailo, like Vasyl Stefanyk, was a great patriot of Ukraine, a romantic who dreamed of singing for his people. He was applauded by Lviv and Warsaw, Torun and Berlin, Kharkiv and Kyiv, New York, Ottawa and Winnipeg. He was compared to the great Caruso. As a relative of Marko Cheremshyna (Ivan Semanyuk), Mykhailo often visited him in Sniatyn. Vasyl Stefanyk also came here from Rusov. While in Soviet Ukraine in 1926–1930 (Odesa, Kyiv, Kharkiv), the singer became a link between Ukrainian writers and V. Stefanyk, who conveyed greetings to the Galician novelist and wished to meet him. Gaining prestige after his triumphant speeches in Kharkiv (then the capital of Ukraine), M. Golynsky, fulfilling the request of Professor Kyrylo Studynsky, appealed to the Minister of Education M. Skrypnyk with a request for financial assistance for Vasyl Stefanyk. In 1928, the Soviet government granted him a personal pensionfor propaganda purposes, and in 1931 he celebrated his 60th birthday in Kharkiv. M. Golynsky took part in the writer' s jubilee on June 17, 1927 in the People' s House in Lviv. The article’s key sources are the epistolary and memoir heritage of these extraordinary individuals.

Abstract:

A new genus in the spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 is described from Asia: Bowie gen. nov. belongs to the subfamily Cteninae and all members formerly described were placed so far in the genus Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805. After morphological as well as preliminary molecular characters were checked, it was clear that a new genus had to be erected to accommodate this predominantly Asian lineage of ground-dwelling spiders. As is the case in most Ctenidae generally, it was not easy to find apomorphic characters diagnosing this new taxon. Therefore, a combination of morphological characters is used to define all congeners. An important and newly introduced character in this respect is –among others– the fused patellar crack of the male palp. Forty-nine valid species are transferred to the new genus (first country/province records of particular species underlined): Bowie martensi (Jäger, 2012) comb. nov. (Nepal), B. bomdilaensis (Tikader & Malhotra, 1981) comb. nov. (India), B. indicus (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov. (India), B. cladarus (Jäger, 2012) comb. nov. (Myanmar), B. pingu (Jäger & Minn, 2015) comb. nov. (Myanmar), B. natmataung (Jäger & Minn, 2015) comb. nov. (Myanmar), B. sikkimensis (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov. (India), B. ramosus (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov. (Myanmar), B. goaensis (Bastawade & Borkar, 2008) comb. nov. (India), B. himalayensis (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov. (India), B. meghalayaensis (Tikader, 1976) comb. nov. (India), B. narashinhai (Patel & Reddy, 1988) comb. nov. (India), B. ceylonensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) comb. nov. (Sri Lanka), B. andamanensis (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov. (Andaman Islands), B. kapuri (Tikader, 1973) comb. nov. (Andaman Islands), B. cochinensis (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov. (India), B. thorelli (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) comb. nov. (Sri Lanka), B. lishuqiang (Jäger, 2012) comb. nov. (China: Sichuan), B. banna (Yao & Li in Chu et al. 2022) comb. nov. (China: Yunnan), B. theodorianum (Jäger, 2012) comb. nov. (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam), B. robustus (Thorell, 1897) comb. nov. (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos), B. yaeyamensis (Yoshida, 1998) comb. nov. (Taiwan), B. yulin (Yao & Li in Chu et al. 2022) comb. nov. (China: Yunnan), B. simplex (Thorell, 1897) comb. nov. (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos), B. bayeri (Jäger 2012) comb. nov. (Laos), B. holthoffi (Jäger, 2012) comb. nov. (Laos), B. saci (Ono, 2010) comb. nov. (Vietnam), B. floweri (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) comb. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. argentipes (Hasselt, 1893) comb. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula, Singapore, Indonesia: Sumatra), B. palembangensis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sumatra), B. angigitanus (Roewer, 1938) comb. nov. (Papua New Guinea), B. pulvinatus (Thorell, 1890) comb. nov. (Malaysia: Sarawak), B. hosei (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) comb. nov. (Malaysia: Sarawak, Brunei), B. monaghani (Jäger, 2013) comb. nov. (Laos), B. javanus (Poco*ck, 1897) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Bali), B. fungifer (Thorell, 1890) comb. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. valvularis (Hasselt, 1882) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sumatra), B. bicostatus (Thorell, 1890) comb. nov. (Malaysia: Sarawak), B. bantaengi (Merian, 1911) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sulawesi), B. bowonglangi (Merian, 1911) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sulawesi), B. celebensis (Poco*ck, 1897) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sulawesi), B. sagittatus (Giltay, 1935) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Sulawesi), B. kochi (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov. (Indonesia: West Papua), B. sarawakensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) comb. nov. (Malaysia: Sarawak), B. philippinensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) comb. nov. (Philippines), B. aruanus (Strand, 1911) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Maluku), B. angularis (Roewer, 1938) comb. nov. (Indonesia: Maluku), B. rufisternis (Poco*ck, 1898) comb. nov. (Papua New Guinea: New Britain), and B. corniger (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) comb. nov. (South Africa). For thirty-two species, illustrations of their respective copulatory organs, as well as habitus photos, are provided. Fifty-five new species are described, these are listed, together with the already described species, according to their geographic occurrence and to their affiliation to species groups as far as the latter could be recognised (type species indicated by an asterisk): Bowie hunkydory spec. nov. (Nepal), B. ziggystardust spec. nov. (Nepal), B. ladystardust spec. nov. (Nepal), B. aladdinsane spec. nov. (India), B. majortom spec. nov. (Nepal), B. jeangenie spec. nov. (India), B. heroes spec. nov. (India), B. fascination spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. low spec. nov. (Thailand), B. dodo spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. stationtostation spec. nov. (Myanmar), B. candidate spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. diamonddogs spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. yassassin spec. nov. (Taiwan), B. bemywife spec. nov. (Thailand), B. subterraneans spec. nov. (Thailand), B. afterall spec. nov. (Thailand), B. warszawa spec. nov. (Thailand), B. artdecade spec. nov. (Cambodia), B. bigbrother spec. nov. (Vietnam), *B. rebelrebel spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. youngamericans spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. right spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. stay spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. fame spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. win spec. nov. (Vietnam), B. joethelion spec. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. mossgarden spec. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. neukoeln spec. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. scarymonsters spec. nov. (Indonesia: Sumatra), B. teenagewildlife spec. nov. (Indonesia: Sumatra), B. letsdance spec. nov. (Indonesia: Java), B. crystaljapan spec. nov. (Indonesia: Sumatra), B. tonight spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sarawak), B. catpeople spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. ricochet spec. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan), B. fashion spec. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. withinyou spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sarawak), B. abdulmajid spec. nov. (Singapore), B. blackout spec. nov. (Malaysia Peninsula), B. modernlove spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. chinagirl spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. withoutyou spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. magicdance spec. nov. (Indonesia: Sulawesi), B. bluejean spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. criminalworld spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. shakeit spec. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), B. ashestoashes spec. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan), B. underground spec. nov. (Indonesia: Kalimantan), B. lodger spec. nov. (Philippines), B. redsails spec. nov. (Philippines), B. thenextday spec. nov. (Indonesia: Papua), B. lazarus spec. nov. (Papua New Guinea), B. thiesi spec. nov. (Papua New Guinea) and B. blackstar spec. nov. (Papua New Guinea). Formerly unknown sexes are described for the first time for the following species: Bowie martensi comb. nov. (female), B. indicus comb. nov. (only male RTA tip), B. narashinhai comb. nov. (male), B. argentipes comb. nov. (female) and B. celebensis comb. nov. (male). Fourteen species groups are proposed on the basis of morphological characters: cladarus-species group (17 species), robustus-species group (14 species), bemywife-species group (2 species), rebelrebel-species group (10 species), youngamericans-species group (3 species), floweri-species group (3 species), scarymonsters-species group (2 species), teenagewildlife-species group (2 species), argentipes-species group (10 species), javanus-species group (5 species), chinagirl-species group (11 species), shakeit-species group (5 species), lodger-species group (3 species) and blackstar-species group (7 species). Thus, 93 species are grouped, leaving 11 species without a current assignment to any of these groups. Ctenus kandyensis Kim & Ye, 2014 syn. nov. is recognised as a junior synonym of Bowie thorelli comb. nov., and C. calcarifer F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 syn. nov. as junior synonym of B. sarawakensis comb. nov. Five species previously placed in Ctenus are considered nomina dubia, four of them are transferred to Bowie gen. nov., one to Nilus: Bowie barbatus (Thorell, 1895) comb. nov., B. tumidulus (Simon, 1887b) comb. nov., B. flavidus (Hogg, 1922) comb. nov., B. pollii (Hasselt, 1893) comb. nov. and Nilus marginatus (Walckenaer, 1847) comb. nov. Beside the latter species, three species are transferred from Ctenus, all of them to Anahita: A. periculosa (Bristowe, 1931) comb. nov., A. dangsa (Reddy & Patel, 1994) comb. nov. and A. tuniensis (Patel & Reddy, 1988) comb. nov. All in all, Bowie gen. nov. is the second largest genus within the family Ctenidae, with 108 species in total including nomina dubia. It occurs from Nepal in the Himalayas and South India across large parts of South and South East Asia to Papua New Guinea. One undescribed species is known from northern Australia (Queensland). Representatives are known to live in the leaf litter of forests, with most species having small distribution ranges, usually occurring within a 100 km radius. With this revision, the family Ctenidae contains now 586 species and 48 genera, and the number of species assigned to the genus Ctenus, so far used as nomenclatural “waste bin”, is reduced to 164.

Abstract:

Background. In the dry-thermal zone of the Lower Volga region, one of the factors of increasing the productivity of Pashnya is organic fertilizer. The effectiveness of the introduction into the soil of siderates, straw and leaf-weighting mass of field crops and their effect on the decrease in water consumption coefficients, an increase in the return of the organic matter and increasing the yield of grain crops was carried out. Gorodishcheskoe land use Cadastral number 34:03:000000:6. Purpose. Determine the effectiveness of biologized crop rotations in the agrolandscapes of the Lower Volga region. Materials and methods. Accounting and observations were: recommendation on the methodology for conducting observations and research in the fields of the NII of the Southeast, Saratov, 1973; Methods of experimental work B.A. Armorovov (Armpecov, 1985). The aggregate composition of the soil (according to the method of N.I. Savinova, 1931, refined TSH). Accounting for the biological mass of siteral crops in the phase of cosset or budgement. Determination of the biological yield of plants from sites of 0.25 m2 located in four places of the defense. Accounting for crop solid, daily. Accounting for sitaral cultures and perennial herbs – a cat in manual. Calculation of the exit of feed units and digestible protein was performed using the transfer coefficients by M.F. Tomme. Results. Studies have shown that an anti-erosion effect in dry years (8-mpole crop rotation has a counter-erosion effect, in the wet years (GTC> 0.8), the largest anti-erosion effect is observed in 5 and 7-mpole crop rotations with perennial herbs. The analysis of the data showed that in five-field crop rotation, the highest flow into the soil of organic mass (straw + roots) was observed - 5.5 t/ha. Gumus deficiency with the highest indicator (-0.33) t / ha in 4 pollen crop rotation. The 8-mpolous fruitless crop turnover had the greatest productivity. From one hectare of the cropping area, the yield of grain was 1.50 t/ha, feed units 1.67. Upload products in K.ED. 4 and 8-mpol crops are with hectares of sowing square. To stabilize soil fertility, a fruitful 8-mpolor crop rotation with 50% of cereals is recommended. The same crop rotation is the most productive to collect grain and feed units with a hectare of crop-coordinate area. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the important role of biologized crop rotations in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The area of application of the recommendations is the zone of soils of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.

Abstract:

There has been numerous documents about Sor Juana since Juan Camacho published his first volume in Madrid in 1689, and more so during 1995, her anniversary. There is no certainty about the date of her birth, it is placed between 1651 and 1653, she died in 1695. The magazines A BSIDE. REVISTA DE CULTURA MEXICANA during the period 1941-1973 published 25 articles, and CONTEMPORÂNEOS eight articles from 1929 to 1931; the BOLETIN DE LA BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL published five articles in 1951 and I960, but none of these deal with her library. The following authors have discussed her library: the writer, Ermilo Abreu Gómezf1934); Alfonso Méndez Plancarte (1944); the art historian and critic, Francisco de la Maza (1952); the poet Octavio Paz (1982); the ex-director of the Mexican National Library, Ignacio Osorio (1986). I think that the 4000 volumes of this library played an important part in her writings, and much more than companions: objects of her world. This library unfortunately, disintegrated by her at the end of her life, is an example of library collections and libraries of the New World, together with the first academic library built in Mexico City: "La Biblioteca del Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco " (1536). To know about the titles of some of these books, whose existence can only be seen in two of the paintings of Sor Juana, one by the Mexican artist Juan de Miranda, active from 1697 to 1711, owned by the "Universidad Nacional Autônoma de México", and the other by the Mexican painter, Miguel Cabrera at the "Museo Nacional de Historia del Castillo de Chapultepec" in Mexico City, gives us an idea not only of her library, but of her world. The XVIIc in Mexico City is a baroque century with its four social entities: the Court, the Church, the City and the Convent in which Sor Juana lived. If we take into consideration her writings, there was a fifth entity, the Hispanic literary world. Sor Juana with her beauty, charm, intelligence and ability to deal with the most important personalities of her time was considered a string between the New and the Old Worlds because of her literary contributions as a woman, more so as an American woman of the XVIIc. She is pondered by Alatorref1995) as the spiritual gold similar to the gold extracted from the New World mines. In a metaphorical way her writings are the result of her intellect and of the contents extracted from the books which represented the world of knowledge contained in her library.

Abstract:

RESUMENDe entre todos los objetos, tiempos, espacios, palabras y seres que componen el mundo físico, algunos están investidos de un valor especial por cuanto se les atribuye la virtud de visibilizar las instancias invisibles de las que dependemos los mortales. Es lo sagrado. A lo sagrado se le depara un trato singular hecho de respeto, veneración o miedo, pero en ocasiones también de rencor y de odio por lo que encarna o representa. Es adorado, pero también, y acaso por las mismas razones, puede ser insultado, destruido, objeto de burla y, si tiene forma humana, martirizado o asesinado. La violencia contra lo sagrado puede caber en sistemas religiosos que le otorgan a la agresión un papel central en su universo mítico o ritual. También se ofende u agrede lo santo para grupos o pueblos a someter, puesto que en ello está resumido su orden del mundo. Desde esta perspectiva, el agravio, la irreverencia y el daño pasan a reclamar un lugar protagonista en los estudios sobre la institución religiosa de la cultura bajo las figuras del sacrilegio y la profanación.PALABRAS CLAVE: sagrado, profanación, sacrilegio, violencia religiosa, iconoclastia.ABSTRACTOf all the objects, times, spaces, words and beings that make up the physical world, some are invested with a special value because they are attributed the virtue of making visible the invisible instances on which we mortals depend. This is the sacred. The sacred is given a singular treatment combining respect, veneration or fear, but sometimes also resentment and hatred of what it embodies or represents. It is adored, but also, and perhaps for the same reasons, it can be insulted,destroyed, mocked and, if it has a human form, martyred or killed. Violence against the sacred can fit into religious systems that give aggression a central role in their mythical or ritual universe. 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Abstract:

Eine Revision der Typen und weiteren Sammlungsmaterials von Othius-Arten aus der Paläarktis östlich des Himalayas sowie aus Südchina und Taiwan ergab 31 valide Arten und 2 Unterarten; die Identität dreier weiterer Arten bleibt ungeklärt, da die Typen nicht verfügbar waren. Die folgenden Taxa werden neu synonymisiert: O. medius Sharp = O. medius kusuii Ito, syn. n., = O. medius yakushimanus Ito, syn. n.; O. rosti Bernhauer = O. ussuriensis Coiffait, syn. n.; O. latus Sharp = O. stoetzneri Bernhauer, syn. n., = O. chongqingensis Zheng, syn. n., = O. latus ozakii Ito, syn. n.; O. punctatus Bernhauer = O. arisanus (Shibata), syn. n. Für O. medius Sharp, O. rosti Bernhauer, O. stoetzneri Bernhauer und O. rufipennis Sharp werden Lektotypen designiert. 19 neue Arten und eine neue Unterart werden beschrieben: O. bordonii sp. n. (China), O. latus gansuensis ssp. n. (China: Gansu), O. atavus sp. n. (China: Yunnan), O. lubricus sp. n. (China: Yunnan), O. discrepans sp. n. (China: Sichuan), O. excisus sp. n. (China: Sichuan), O. sculptipennis sp. n. (China: Sichuan), O. tuberipennis sp. n. (China: Yunnan), O. fibulifer sp. n. (China: Sichuan), O. wrasei sp. n. (China: Sichuan), O. smetanai sp. n. (Taiwan), O. aequabilis sp. n. (Taiwan), O. hamatus sp. n. (Taiwan), O. acutus sp. n. (Taiwan), O. reticulatus sp. n. (Taiwan), O. praecisus sp. n. (Taiwan), O. collapsus sp. n. (Taiwan), O. contumax sp. n. (Taiwan) und O. coniceps sp. n. (Taiwan). Die Diagnosen der behandelten Arten und Unterarten werden durch Angaben zur Phylogenie, Verbreitung und Bionomie ergänzt; primäre und sekundäre Sexualmerkmale werden abgebildet. Für einige Arten werden die intraspezifische Variablität und die Verbreitung anhand von Diagrammen bzw. Karten veranschaulicht. Für die Arten der Ostpaläarktis östlich des Himalayas wird eine Bestimmungstabelle vorgelegt. Morphologische Merkmale deuten darauf hin, daß die westpaläarktischen und ostpaläarktischen Othius-Arten jeweils Monophyla darstellen, wobei erstere - mit Ausnahme der im westlichen Himalaya vorkommenden O. kashmirica-Artengruppe - im Gebiet westlich und letztere östlich des Kaspischen Meeres verbreitet sind. In der Ostpaläarktis östlich des Himalayas zeichnen sich Yunnan und Sichuan (China) sowie Taiwan durch bemerkenswert hohe Artendiversität aus. Auf der Grundlage der phylogenetischen Beziehungen der Arten Taiwans werden Schlußfolgerungen hinsichtlich der Besiedlung der Insel abgeleitet.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Xantholininae, Othiini, Othius, Eastern Palaearctic, Taiwan, China, Japan, distribution, ecology, taxonomy, revision, new species, lectotype designation, new synonyms.Nomenklatorische Handlungenarisanus Shibata, 1973 (Othiellus), syn. n. of Othius punctatus Bernhauer, 1922 (nom. n. pro puncticeps Bernhauer, 1916)acutus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.aequabilis Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.atavus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.bordonii Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.chongquingensis Zheng, 1995 (Othius), syn. n. of Othius latus latus Sharp, 1874collapsus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.coniceps Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.contumax Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.discrepans Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.excisus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.fibulifer Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.hamatus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.lubricus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.medius Sharp, 1874 (Othius), Lectotypepraecisus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.reticulatus Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.rosti Bernhauer, 1907 (Othius), Lectotyperufipennis Sharp, 1874 (Othius), Lectotypesculptipennis Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.smetanai Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.stötzneri Bernhauer, 1931 (Othius), Lectotype; syn. n. of Othius latus latus Sharp, 1874tuberipennis Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. nov.ussuriensis Coiffait, 1974 (Othius), syn. n. of Othius rosti Bernhauer, 1907wrasei Assing, 1999 (Othius), spec. n.gansuensis Assing, 1999 (Othius latus), sspec. n.ozakii Ito, 1993 (Othius latus), syn. n. of Othius latus latus Sharp, 1874kusuii Ito, 1993 (Othius medius), syn. n. of Othius medius Sharp, 1874yakushimanus Ito, 1993 (Othius medius), syn. n. of Othius medius Sharp, 1874

Abstract:

The green citrus aphid, Aphis citricola van der Goot, known also as spiraea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, was first noticed in an orange grove, cv Washington Navel, in Korinthia southern Greece during spring 1986. It was collected from tender shoots as early as about mid March and was also found in large numbers in samples taken during April and May and in lesser numbers in October and November of the same year. It was also collected from clementine trees during May. During 1987 this species was also present in samples taken from another orange grove, cv Washington navel, located in the Co. Korinthia as well. It was found later in the season, in May, as compared with the previous year. That was due to the snow and the extremely cold weather that occurred during March, which resulted in the destruction of young growth and hence in the delay of the aphid appearance. A. citricola has been previously recorded in Greece on Matricaria chamomilla L., Crataegus pyracantha Pers. and Solanum tuberosum L., on Zinnia elegans.Jacq. and on Prunus armeniaca L. and Pimpinella anisum L. A. citricola is a small aphid with 1.2-2.2 min length and body yellowish green to apple green. Siphunculi and cauda are dark brown and the head is brown in apterac. It is very similar to Aphis pomi De Geer and is often confused with it in the literature, especially on Rosaceae. A. pomi has lateral tubercles on abdominal segments 2-4, rarely fewer than 14 hairs on cauda and length of the last rostral segment more than 130µm. A. citricola has no lateral tubercles on abdominal segments 2-4, usually fewer than 12 hairs on cauda, and last rostra] segment less than 120µm in length. One more difference concerns the shape of the cauda which is more elongate and visibly notched at base in A. citricola than in A. poini. A. citricola causes curling and distortion of the leaves, especially of those near apices of tender shoots of the host plants. This is very characteristic in certain citrus such as orange and clementine trees. It is a highly polyphagus species that occurs on hosts belonging to more than 20 families, including Amaranthaccae, Caprifoliaccae, Compositae, Euphorbiaccac, Rosaccae, Rubiaccae, Rutaceae, Urticaceae and Verbenaceac but is of particular importance on citrus. A. citricola is considered the most harmful aphid species for orange, mandarins and clementine trees in Italy and in other citrus growing countries of the Mediterranean basin. This species was known in North America at least since 1907 and was introduced to the Mediterranean region in about 1931. A. citricola appeared in citrus groves in Mediterranean countries almost 20 years ago, while it was first recorded in Israel in 1970 and became a major pest in citrus groves in 1973. It is a vector of citrus tristeza virus but its ability for transmitting this virus is much lower than that of Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy). A. citricola may reproduce either anholocyclically or holocyclically. Anholocyclic reproduction occurs in many parts of the world and is considered as more frequent. Nevertheless, holocyclic reproduction also occurs, and in this case, the genus Spiraea of Rosaccae is the primary host, although oviposition may take place on the same citrus trees in Japan. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of the aphid attained its maximum at a constant temperature near 27°C. The numbers of A. citricola found in the samples from cv Washington navel were large and higher than those of Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), when the latter species was present. With the assumption that such large numbers occur also in other areas of the country, A. citricola should be the dominant and most harmful aphid species on citrus in Greece, as this is the case in other Mediterranean countries.

Abstract:

A nearly circumpolar hypoarctic species Stuckenia subretusa (Hagstr.) Holub is a rare species that grows in Yakuyia in lakes and reservoirs of deltaic systems of the large rivers (Lena, Kolyma, Yana, Indigirka, Anabar) mainly north of 68° N(Bobrov, Mochalova, 2014, 2017; Egorova, 2016; Opredelitel’…, 2020). The species is listed for Taymyr Peninsula as the most common in the plain part of the southern tundra and in the forest tundra (Pospelova, Pospelov, 2007) and as rarer in the typical tundra (Polozova, Tikhomirov, 1971). In general, this is a rather rare species. Besides the Taymyr Peninsula and Yakutia it occurs in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the mouth of the Yenisey River, in Chukotka Peninsula and Alaska (Yurtsev et al., 2010; Bobrov et al., 2021). Stuckenia subretusa is a critical taxon associated by some authors (Kaplan, 2008; Konspekt…, 2012) with S. vagin*ta (Turcz.) Holub. However, both morphological and molecular genetic differences between these taxa were shown later (Volkova et al., 2017). It was also shown that S. subretusa is found in the lower reaches and estuarine areas of the large rivers in Asia, mainly north of 68° N, in Europe — of 67°, while the northern limit of the distribution of S. vagin*ta in Yakutia — 64°, in Europe — 66° (Bobrov, Mochalova, 2014), therefore these species are geographically separated. In July 2021, during a geobotanical survey of the islands of the southern part of the Lena River delta, thickets of S. subretusa were found on Sasyl-Ary Isl. (Fig. 1) in a shallow flow (channel) of 2 km total length, 130–150 m width and from 4–5 cm to 1.5 m depth with a very sluggish current. The bottom substrate is silty sands. Permafrost is 2–3 m depth. Thickets of S. subretusa were found only at 4–30 cm water depths. The thickets are monospecies with projective cover from 35 to 80 % (Fig. 2). Single specimens of Tephroseris palustris (L.) Rchb. were met rarely, at 4–5 cm water depths. Part of the thickets was located on wet sand along the shallows of the channel. S. subretusa was not found on neighboring islands. Five geobotanical relevés were made within the flow according to the generally accepted methodology with georeferencing using 12-channel GPS in the WGS-84 coordinate system on sample plots of 10×10 m. The classification was carried out on the principles of the ecological-floristic approach (Westhoff, van der Maarel, 1973). Estimation of the species projective cover in Table is given according to the Brown-Blanquet scale (Becking, 1957): r — single; + — less than 1 %; 1 — 1–5 %; 2 — 6–25 %; 3 — 26–50 %; 4 — 51–75 %; 5 — 76–100 %. The syntaxon name is given in accordance with the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al., 2021). The described communities belong to the class Potamogetonetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941, the order Potamogetonetalia Koch 1926, and the alliance Potamogetonion Libbert 1931. We consider these as a part of a new association. The ass. Stuckenietum subretusae ass. nov. (Table). Nomenclature type (holotypus) — relevé No. L21-108а (Table, relevé 3). Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Bulunsky district, Sasyl-Ary Isl., shallow channel in the Lena River delta, in water (N 72.35989°, E 126.41968°), 07/20/2021. N. N. Lashchinskiy is an author. Diagnostic species of the association is Stuckenia subretusa (= Potamogeton subretusus). The association includes monospecies communities of Stuckenia subretusa, sometimes with a single presence of other species. It is possible that communities of this species are floristically richer in southerner regions. These are reliably found in other parts of the Lena River delta (Nikolin et al., 2017), on Taimyr Peninsula (Krasnoyarsk Territory) in the Kha­tanga River (Pospelova, Pospelov, 2007), as well as in the Komi Republic (Chemeris, Bobrov, 2020), where their productivity is from 142 to 409 g/m2 of air-dry matter. In general, the association distribution area apparently coincides with the species range (northern regions of the Komi Republic, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yakutia, Chukotka Autonomous District (Russia) and Alaska (USA).